Chemical Stoichimetry - AP Chemistry Chapter 3

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Basic

• Law of conservation of mass
• Chemical reactions are calculated
• Chemical equations: reactants, products, microscopic particle number ratio (stoichiometric ratio, quantity effect), aggregation state, reaction conditions, thermal effect of chemical reaction

Reaction Type

Combination reaction

• Two substances synthesize one substance, and on a macroscopic basis, multiple substances synthesize one substance
• e.g. $\ce{NH_3(g) + HCl(g) -> NH_4Cl(s)}$

Decomposition reaction

• One substance is decomposed into multiple substances
• e.g. $\ce{2KMnO_4(s) ->[Heat] K_2MnO_4(s) + MnO_2(s) + O_2(g)}$

Single displacement reaction

• Element + Compound -> Element + Compound.Electronic transfer
• e.g. $\ce{Zn(s) + H_2SO_4(l) -> ZnSO_4 (l) + H_2(g)}$

Double displacement reaction (metalysis reaction)

Ion transfer, electrons cannot transfer

• e.g. $\ce{NaCl(aq) + AgNO_3(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO_3(aq)}$

Combustion reaction

• High temperature exothermic oxidation and reduction reaction between fuel and oxidant (usually oxygen) (a substance and oxygen combustion).
• e.g. $\ce{CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)}$

Basic Stoichiometry Concepts & Physical Quantities

• amu (Unit of Mass): 1amu=m(C-12)